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Conscious sedation is a technique that allows obtaining a state halfway between waking and hypnosis by administering drugs that act on the central nervous system. These drugs also have hypnotic-sedative effects. The patient remains conscious and is able to talk and respond to the oral surgeon. He can independently maintain airway control and protective reflexes, such as swallowing and coughing. Other effects of these drugs are: neuro-muscular relaxation associated with a mild state of analgesia; they maintain adequate sedation with minimum risk for the patient, whose vital parameters must be monitored both clinically and instrumentally. They also reduce anxiety and produce amnesia: these results are obtained by selecting suitable drugs, instructing the patient before the operation, maintaining low levels of auditory and visual stimulations during surgery (including hiding the instruments and reducing conversation to a minimum in the operating room); they perform a correct control of painful stimuli through the execution of local anesthesia. In oral surgery, the situation where the patient remains sedated and fully conscious, with good independent control of protective reflexes of the airways and with anterograde amnesia is very helpful to the oral surgeon as well as to the patient. The pre-operation anaesthesiologic evaluation has the purpose of assessing the patient’s state of health in order to choose the most suitable anaesthesiologic technique.